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Deployment Guide: Kubernetes, Helm & ArgoCD

This document details the deployment workflow using free tools and follows best practices for reliability and repeatability.

1. Kubernetes Cluster Setup​

Local Development​

  • Kind (Kubernetes in Docker): lightweight, single-node cluster:

    kind create cluster --name bus-booking --config kind-config.yaml

  • k3s: minimal Kubernetes distribution:

    curl -sfL https://get.k3s.io | sh -

Cloud (Free Tier)​

  • Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE Autopilot): free credits for new accounts.
  • Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS): free tier options.

2. Helm Charts Structure​

Create a chart per service under helm/:

helm/                       # root
└── bus-booking/            # chart for Booking Service
    ├── Chart.yaml          # chart metadata
    ├── values.yaml         # default values
    ├── values-staging.yaml # overrides for staging
    ├── values-prod.yaml    # overrides for production
    └── templates/          # Kubernetes manifests templates
        ├── deployment.yaml
        ├── service.yaml
        ├── ingress.yaml
        └── _helpers.tpl    # helper functions

Key Parameters in values.yaml​

  • image.repository & image.tag (e.g. ghcr.io/org/bus-booking:SHA)
  • replicaCount (e.g. 2 for staging, 5 for production)
  • resources.requests & resources.limits (CPU/memory)
  • env variables (database URL, Redis URL, API keys)

3. GitHub Actions Workflow​

Automate build → test → image push:

# .github/workflows/deploy.yml
ame: Build & Deploy
on:
  push:
    branches: [ main ]

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Set up Java
        uses: actions/setup-java@v3
        with: java-version: '17'
      - name: Build JAR
        run: mvn package -DskipTests
      - name: Build & Push Docker image
        uses: docker/build-push-action@v3
        with:
          context: .
          push: true
          tags: |
            ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ github.sha }}
            ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}:latest

4. Helm Upgrade & Rollback​

Deploy to Cluster​

helm upgrade --install bus-booking helm/bus-booking \
  --values helm/bus-booking/values-prod.yaml \
  --set image.tag=${GITHUB_SHA}

Rollback​

deployment

helm rollback bus-booking <revision>

5. GitOps with ArgoCD​

App-of-Apps Pattern​

Store an ArgoCD root application in Git:

# argocd-root-app.yaml
apiVersion: argoproj.io/v1alpha1
kind: Application
metadata:
  name: root-app
spec:
  project: default
  source:
    repoURL: https://github.com/org/repo.git
    path: helm
  destination:
    server: https://kubernetes.default.svc
    namespace: argocd
  syncPolicy:
    automated:
      prune: true
      selfHeal: true

ArgoCD will deploy each service chart under helm/ automatically.

  • Document Version: 1.0
  • Date: 2025-06-21
  • Author: ArturChernets